In our latest article, we measure cross-border functionality across Europe using a multi-sectoral set of indicators designed to capture functional cross-border interactions. Based on that, we present the first systematic approach to delineating CBFAs in EU and EFTA countries. The article has been published in the journal European Planning Studies.
The article is available via the following link: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2026.2661064
The results of this paper are part of the research project ‘ESPON CROSSGOV – Governance mechanisms for cross-border functional areas’.
To cite this article: Hippe, S., Chilla, T., Günther, E., Paul, H., Wein, T., Gaugitsch, R., & Järv, O. (2026). Cross-border functional areas (CBFA): a multi-indicator definition at the European level. European Planning Studies, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2026.2661064
Alternatively have a look at ResearchGate.